BIG TOE CURVATURE (HALLUX VALGUS)

It is a condition in which the big toe forms a severe angle with the first metatarsal bone. Thumb curvature cases, in which familial transmission is evident, may be painful or painless. The types of shoes used by the patient may increase the curvature problem or prevent its progression.

FLAT FOOT AND INWARD STEPPING

Flat feet is a condition in which the long arch of the foot collapses, meaning that the width of the sole of the foot on the ground increases. Flat feet, which can be divided into physiological and pathological, is one of the issues that families are worried about, especially in childhood. Approximately fifteen percent of adults have physiological, that is, normal flat feet. In physiological flat feet, which are inherited in families, foot mechanics are impaired, but the patient may not have any complaints. In pathological flatfoot problems, the foot is hard and does not return to its normal arch. It can be seen in Achilles tendon shortening, bone adhesions, some neurological diseases and heel bone structural disorders.

FOOT TENDONS INFLAMMATION

Tendons, which are extensions of muscles adhering to the bone, travel within special sheaths and enable the ankle and foot to gain movement. Tendons may become inflamed after strains, direct and indirect traumas, excess weight and structural disorders of the foot. Along with edema and swelling, tendonitis occurs. Foot tendon inflammations can be seen around the ankle, on the back of the foot and on the sole of the foot.

FOOT BONE FRACTURES

After trauma to the foot, a fracture may occur in any of the 26 bones. Depending on the location and severity of trauma, it is determined which bone is broken. In cases of falling from a height, the talus (knuckle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone) are mostly affected and may cause permanent problems for the patient. Fingers may be broken in direct impacts, and metacarpal bones may be broken in crushing injuries and sprains. In high-energy traumas, dislocations and fractures may accompany fractures, causing more pain and disrupting circulation.

Apart from fractures caused by trauma, stress fractures may arise from spontaneous foot pain in people who do heavy sports, soldiers, and sometimes women who stand a lot. Stress fractures are undissociated bone fractures that occur as a result of microtraumas without direct trauma.

Heel Spur

The heel, which is another name for the calcaneus bone located at the back of the foot, is the place where the first step in walking occurs, carrying the weight of the body. It is a problem of calcification of the heel bone, starting from the heel towards the sole muscle and ending in the metacarpal and finger muscles, due to reasons such as structural problems, heavy work conditions, long walks and inappropriate shoe use.

ANKLE SPRAIN

Ankle sprains, defined as straining the ankle joint due to unbalanced stepping, may occur due to ground irregularities in sports activities and our daily movements. Sprains, which are one of the most common reasons for applying to emergency departments, can be mild but may also be accompanied by bone fractures. Sprains, also commonly called dislocations, very rarely cause dislocation. The most common problems are ligament tears. The degree of tear varies depending on the severity of the sprain. Fractures accompanying the tear may generally occur in the lower part of the fibula bone or the 5th comb, but fractures may also occur in other foot bones.

ACCHILLES TENDENITIS

The Achilles tendon, which is involved in all pressing functions such as walking, running and jumping, is a very strong and thick tendon formed by the union of the calf muscles at the back of the ankle. The Achilles tendon, which ends at the back and top of the heel bone, plays an important role in lifting the body's load. Edema and pain problems in the tendon as a result of tendon fatigue and direct trauma can lead to tendinitis, that is, tendon inflammation. Heel and foot pressure problems can be shown as other factors that predispose to tendinitis.